ip default-gateway，ip default-network和ip route 默认路由的区别
关于这几条命令的区别，网上已经有很多讨论了，也的确是很容易混淆的。下面是整理的一些总结，都一一举例做了比较，应该会有一个全新的认识，以后实际中遇到了也不混淆犯错了。
指定默认路由（last resort gateway）的指令供有3种，可以分成两类：
1、ip default-gateway
当路由器上的ip routing无效时，使用它指定默认路由，用于RXBoot模式（no ip routing）下安装IOS等。
或者关闭ip routing 让路由器当主机用,此时需要启用ip default-gateway配置默认网关。
2、ip default-network和ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
两者都用于ip routing有效的路由器上，区别主要在于路由协议是否传播这条路由信息。比如：IGRP无法识别0.0.0.0，因此传播默认路由时必须用ip default-network。
当用ip default-network指令设定多条默认路由时，administrative distance最短的成为最终的默认路由；如果有复数条路由distance值相等，那么在路由表（show ip route）中靠上的成为默认路由。
同时使用ip default-network和ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0双方设定默认路由时，如果ip default-network设定的网络是直连（静态、且已知）的，那么它就成为默认路由；如果ip default-network指定的网络是由交换路由信息得来的，则ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0指定的表项成为默认路由。
最后，如果使用多条ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0指令，则流量会自动在多条链路上负载均衡。
例子:
关闭ip routing 举例:
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mycisco(config)#no ip routing
mycisco(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.0.1
mycisco(config)#end
mycisco#ping www.flashku.com
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 61.152.167.75, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms
mycisco#show ip route
Default gateway is 192.168.0.1
Host Gateway Last Use Total Uses Interface
ICMP redirect cache is empty
mycisco#
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ip route例子:
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ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1
mycisco#ping www.flashku.com
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 61.152.167.75, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/60 ms
mycisco#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, I – IGRP, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2, E – EGP
i – IS-IS, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2, * – candidate default
U – per-user static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0
C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.0.1
mycisco#
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ip default-network 必须是在所到网络已经存在路由的情况下,否则执行无效.
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mycisco(config)#ip route 61.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.0.1
mycisco#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, I – IGRP, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2, E – EGP
i – IS-IS, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2, * – candidate default
U – per-user static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0
S 61.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 192.168.0.1
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
接着我们执行:
mycisco(config)#ip default-network 61.0.0.0
再看路由表:
mycisco#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, I – IGRP, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2, E – EGP
i – IS-IS, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2, * – candidate default
U – per-user static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.0.1 to network 61.0.0.0
C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0
S* 61.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 192.168.0.1
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
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